Keywords
periodontitis
quality of life
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts periodontal disease, in turn, periodontitis negatively affects glycaemic control and the course of diabetes. Well controlled diabetes and good periodontal maintenance is believed to enhance a person’s quality of life.
Objective: To assess the periodontal status and quality of life among diabetic individuals visiting Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: Total of 132 patients diagnosed with diabetes were recruited from the hospital OPD following a convenience sampling method. Periodontal status using CPI and LOA index and oral health related quality of life using OHIP-14 were assessed. Data collected were analysed in SPSS version 20. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to compare OHIP-14 scores between gender and periodontal status, respectively. Statistical significance was established at p <0.05.
Results: Most of the participants (81, 61.4%), had pocket depth of 4-6 mm with a CPI score of 3. Similarly, the majority (49, 37.1%), had a loss of attachment of 4-5mm with a LOA score of 1. There was no significant difference in median OHIP-14 scores between males and females (p = 0.960). The OHIP scores among participants with the highest CPI and LOA had a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001 and p <0.001, respectively).
Conclusions: Uncontrolled diabetes with poor periodontal condition significantly impacted a person’s oral health related quality of life. To improve quality of life, appropriate periodontal care along with glycaemic control is necessary.
References
Cervino G, Terranova A, Briguglio F, De Stefano R, Famà F, D’Amico C, et al. Diabetes: Oral health related quality of life and oral alterations. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:1-14.
Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Konstantinidis A, Makrilakis K, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: A two-way relationship. Diabetologia. 2012 Jan;55(1):21-31.
Mealey BL, Ocampo GL, Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2007;44:127-53.
Bennadi D, Reddy CVK. Oral health related quality of life. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2013;3(1):1.
Durham J, Fraser HM, McCracken GI, et al. Impact of periodontitis on oral health-related quality of life. J Dent. 2013;41(4):370-6.
Bhagat T, Shrestha A, Rimal J, Maskey R, Agrawal SK, Gautam U. Periodontal health status and its impact on the quality of life among diabetics attending medical and dental outpatient departments of a tertiary care centre of nepal. J Diabetes Endocrinol Assoc Nepal. 2021 Aug 5;5(1):3-9.
Rimal J, Shrestha A. Validation of nepalese oral health impact profile14 and assessment of its impact in patients with oral submucous fibrosis in nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2015;13(29):43-9.
Locker D, Mataer D, Stephens M, Lawrence H, Payne B. Comparison of the GOHAI and OHIP-14 as measures of the oral health-related quality of life of the elderly. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001;29(5):373-81.
Molina CA, Ojeda LF, Jiménez MS, Portillo CM, Olmedo IS, Hernandez TM, et al. Diabetes and periodontal diseases: An established two-way relationship. J Diabetes Mellitus. 2016;06(04);209-29.
Wellapuli N, Ekanayake L. Association between chronic periodontitis and oral health-related quality of life in Sri Lankan adults. Int Dent J. 2016 Jul 31;66(6):337-43.
Levin L, Zini A, Levine J, et al. Demographic profile and dental anxiety scale in patients with chronic periodontitis: A case-control study. Int Dent J. 2018;68:269-78.
Fuller J, Donos N, Suvan J, Tsakos G, Nibali L. Association of oral health-related quality of life measures with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2020;55(4):574-80.
World Health Organization. WHOQOL: Measuring Quality of Life. Available from: https://www.who.int/tools/whoqol#.
Fotedar S, Sharma KR, Fotedar V, Bhardwaj V, Chauhan A, Manchanda K. Relationship between oral health status and oral health related quality of life in adults attending HP government dental college, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-India. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014 Sep;13(3):661-5.
Rahim A, Hassan S, Ullah N, Noor N, Ahmed, Rafique R, et al. Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: A cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):442.
Preshaw PM, Bissett SM. Periodontitis and diabetes. Br Dent J. 2019 Oct;227(7):577-84.
Wu C, Yuan Y, Liu H, Li S, Zhang B, Chen W, et al. Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Jul 11;20(1):204.
John MT, Omara M, Su N, List T, Sekulic S, Haggman-Henrikson B, et al. Recommendations for use and scoring of oral health impact profile versions. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2022 Mar;22(1):101619.
Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century – the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003 Dec;31(s1):3-24.
The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9.